Jan 15, 2022 4 min read

Ready, Set, Solana! Getting Your M1 Mac Ready for Web3 dev with Solana and Rust

Getting errors trying to develop with Solana on an M1 Mac? Here’s how to set up your M1 development environment.

Blockchain Adventures

Ready, Set, Solana! Getting Your M1 Mac Ready for Web3 dev with Solana and Rust

You’re ready to get going on blockchain. You’ve done your research (or maybe just went with something which looked interesting) and selected Solana to do your learning on.

Super cool! Solana is an amazing blockchain with a lot to recommend it. It’s blazingly fast, boasting one of the highest Transactions Per Second (TPS) at the time of writing. It’s written in Rust which is an elegant, beautiful and memory safe language.

You’ve made a great choice.

At the time of writing, Solana and M1 chips don’t play nicely together. I kept finding weird and annoying errors any time I tried to test my code. Here’s how I set up my Mac.

Here’s the error I got trying to run solana-test-validator and solana-test-validator --no-bpf-jitzsh: illegal hardware instruction solana-test-validator

Here’s how to fix it.

Install Rosetta 2

Rosetta 2 is the interpretation layer for interpreting x86 instructions into ARM instructions. The good news is that Apple has done an excellent job with Rosetta 2. You’ll barely even notice you’re using it.

Go to your Utilities folder and make a copy of the Terminal app
Rename your copied Terminal app ‘Rosetta Terminal’
Install Rosetta into your Rosetta Terminal application

/usr/sbin/softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license

For the rest of this tutorial use your Rosetta Terminal

Install Brew in Different Location

Not everyone I came across online had this issue, but I certainly did. I had Homebrew installed on my M1 already, but I had to install it in a different location.

Here’s the error I got:Error: Cannot install under Rosetta 2 in ARM default prefix (/opt/homebrew)!To rerun under ARM use:arch -arm64 brew install …To install under x86_64, install Homebrew into /usr/local.

Here’s the solution:

Navigate to /usr/local/opt -> cd /usr/local/opt
Clone Homebrew into here -> git clone https://github.com/Homebrew/brew
Export it to your path -> export PATH=/usr/local/opt/brew/bin:$PATH
Update brew -> brew update
Install a simple package. This helps to ensure it’s all working and will also install homebrew/core etc etc. I chose autoconf -> brew install autoconf

Next Stop: Rust

Awesome work! Now we’re ready for The Rust Programming Language.

We start by getting RustLang ready to go on our machine under our Rosetta terminal.

Big shout out to Nicholas Garfield for his webpage here. The next few steps came from that site.

Install RustLang -> curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
Install Coreutils and OpenSSL -> arch -x86_64 brew install coreutils openssl@1.1 (you can update this for later versions if you like)
Create a config file so that we can specify when to compile Rust when using ARM or x86 instructions sets -> nano ~/.cargo/config
Drop in the build configs below:

[target.x86_64-apple-darwin] 
rustflags = [ 
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined", 
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup", 
] 
 
[target.aarch64-apple-darwin] 
rustflags = [ 
  "-C", "link-arg=-undefined", 
  "-C", "link-arg=dynamic_lookup", 
]

Save the file and let’s get into Solana

Solana Time!

Here comes the exciting moment we’ve been working towards. Getting Solana working effectively on our M1 Macs.

Create a stable directory where you can store your code. For instance, I have a Learning folder. You can replace the Learning name with whatever works for you -> mkdir ~/Learning
Navigate into that folder -> cd ~/Learning
Clone the Solana repo into your new folder -> git clone https://github.com/solana-labs/solana.git
Navigate into the new solana directory -> cd solana
Use Cargo to compile the Solana source code (note this takes a bit of time) -> cargo build
Now run the install script. This takes ages, so once you’ve got it running, grab a coffee and come back ./scripts/cargo-install-all.sh .
Update your path so your Rosetta Terminal knows where to find your Solana CLI commands -> export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH

Phew. That part probably took you a solid 30 minutes of install time (or maybe it’s a couple of years later and it only took 5 mins. I’m jealous :P )

Let’s Check It’s Working

This is the moment of truth. Did our steps work?

Check if you can at least get a response to solana -> solana
If it’s working you should get a bunch of options read out
Okies. Deep breath. Let’s try it: solana-test-validator

If it’s working, you’ll get the following:

Whew. What a relief!

A Couple of Recommendations

If you’re looking for some learning recommendations, I’d really recommend buildspace. Their courses are fun, interactive, useful and above all insightful.

Specifically for Solana I’d recommend Build a Web3 app on Solana with React and Rust. It’s a brilliant course which walks you through the basics, and by the end you’ll have deployed your first thing on a blockchain (Solana). Plus it’s an easy introduction to Rust and React.